解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The human major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is a chromosomal segment approximately 4 million bp long that contains > or = 84 genes. Some of these genes code for the class I and class II molecules, while the remaining genes code for complement components, cytochrome P450, tumor necrosis factor, and many other, unr...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a039999
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary parsimony is an easy-to-use method of phylogenetic inference that is based on nucleic acid sequences and that does not require the assumption that evolutionary processes in the various sites on the molecule are identical. It does, however, require a parameter constraint, known as the "balanced transversio...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040784
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of the group II intron in the plastid gene encoding tRNA(Val)UAC (trnV) from seven plant taxa was studied by aligning secondary and other structural features. Levels of evolutionary divergence between six angiosperms and a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, were compared for the six domains commonly demon...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040765
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heuristic approaches were used to quantify the influence that sequencing errors have on estimates of nucleotide diversity, substitution rate, and the construction of genealogies. Error rates of less than 1 nucleotide/kb probably have little affect on conclusions about the evolutionary history of highly polymorphic org...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040756
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have followed, in glucose-limited chemostats, the evolution of natural isolates of Escherichia coli possessing maximal growth rates of 0.48-1.43 doublings/h. Under these conditions a rapid-growth phenotype similar to that of standard laboratory wild-type strains was selected so that after 280 generations all of the...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040731
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial 18S rRNA sequence of the nemertine Cerebratulus lacteus was obtained and compared with those of coelomate metazoans and acoelomate platyhelminths to test whether nemertines share a most recent common ancestor with the platyhelminths, as traditionally has been implied, or whether nemertines lie within a protost...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040716
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Full-length L1 elements have been shown to possess, at their 5' end, tandem repeats called "A" or "F" types. By sequencing the 5' region of two large L1 copies that did not hybridize to A or F probes, we have identified a new sequence that is found at the 5' end of many L1 elements and that we call "V." The element ch...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040707
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retroid family consists of all genetic elements that encode a potential reverse transcriptase (RT). Members of this family include a diversity of eukaryotic genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements, organelle introns, and plasmids) and the retrons of prokaryotes. Some retroid elements have, in addition to ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040686
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In all anthropoid species, the coding region of the involucrin gene contains a segment of short tandem repeats that were added sequentially, beginning in a common anthropoid ancestor. The involucrin coding region of each of two platyrrhine species, the white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons) and the cottontop tamarin...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040674
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the stirodont Arbacia lixula we determined the sequence of 5,127 nucleotides of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encompassing 18 tRNAs, two complete coding genes, parts of three other coding genes, and part of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The sequence confirms that the organization of mtDNA is conserved within echinoid...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040661
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-six strains derived from American and French natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were tested for the presence and activity of hobo elements by using Southern blotting and a gonadal dysgenesis assay. The oldest available strains exhibited weak detectable hybridization to the hobo-element probe and reve...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040649
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have used indices of genetic distance between species to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and to estimate divergence time. However, the empirical relationship between molecular-based indices of genetic divergence and divergence time based on the fossil record is poorly known. To date, the result...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040651
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::C repeats constitute the predominant family of short interspersed repeats (SINEs) in the rabbit genome. Determination of the nucleotide sequence 5' to rabbit zeta-globin genes reveals clusters of C repeats, and analysis of these and other sequenced regions of rabbit chromosomes shows that the C repeats have a strong t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040631
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule consists of noncovalently associated alpha and beta chains. In mammals studied so far, the class II MHC can be divided into a number of regions, each containing one or more alpha-chain genes (A genes) and beta-chain genes (B genes), and it has been known for...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040622
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the distribution of hobo-hybridizing sequences in the genus Drosophila. Southern blot analysis of 134 species revealed that hobo sequences are limited to the melanogaster and montium subgroups of the melanogaster-species group. Of the hobo-bearing species, only D. melanogaster and two of its sibli...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040625
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T1 family of retrotransposable elements is interspersed and moderately repeated in five member species of the Anopheles gambiae sibling-species complex and has diverged little since the radiation of the complex. T1 includes two closely related but independent subfamilies, defined by the presence or absence of link...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040599
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cDNA of mouse pancreatic mRNA has been cloned. After the library was screened with a rat ribonuclease cDNA probe, the positive clones were isolated and sequenced. There were no differences from the previously determined protein sequence. The mRNA codes for a preribonuclease of 149 amino acid residues including a s...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040585
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significance levels obtained from a chi 2 contingency test are suspect when sample sizes are small. Traditionally this has meant that data must be combined. However, such an approach may obscure heterogeneity and hence potentially reduce the power of the statistical test. In this paper, we present a Monte Carlo soluti...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040568
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA that encodes the heart-type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-B) from the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus was cloned and sequenced. The protein encoded by the cDNA was analyzed in relation to 13 LDH proteins from a variety of taxa. One of the deductions from this analysis is that LDH-B proteins have residues in the...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040559
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal DNA from 23 closely related, pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli was digested and probed for the insertion sequences IS1, IS2, IS4, IS5, and IS30. Under the assumption that elements residing in DNA restriction fragments of the same apparent length are identical by descent, parsimony analysis of these ch...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040531
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative efficiencies of the maximum parsimony (MP) and distance-matrix methods in obtaining the correct tree (topology) were studied by using computer simulation. The distance-matrix methods examined are the neighbor-joining, distance-Wagner, Tateno et al. modified Farris, Faith, and Li methods. In the computer s...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040497
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 100 strains derived from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were tested for the presence or absence of P-element sequences by using two molecular probes derived from internal regions of a full-sized P element. Strains that had been collected from several continents at varying times during the...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040491
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-copy nuclear DNAs (scnDNAs) of eight species of arvicoline and six species of murine rodents were compared using DNA-DNA hybridization. The branching pattern derived from the DNA comparisons is congruent with the fossil evidence and supported by comparative biochemical, chromosomal, and morphological studies. T...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040444
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 32-kb region including the Adh structural gene was analyzed with six restriction endonucleases in 20 lines of Drosophila pseudoobscura, one line of D. persimilis, and one line of D. miranda. Nineteen lines of D. pseudoobscura from a single population were estimated to be polymorphic at one in every 15 nucleotides (p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040438
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitative immunological technique of micro-complement fixation (MC'F) has been routinely used during the past decade to assess evolutionary relationships among living vertebrate species. The large data base that has been generated, along with the excellent correlations between immunologically measured genetic d...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040405
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A more than 10-fold difference in the specificity and catalytic efficiency for 1-naphthyl esters was measured between two allozymes of esterase-4 from Drosophila mojavensis. This difference is mainly caused by a difference in the affinity for the 1-naphthyl esters. The amino acid compositions of the allozymes are not ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040403
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular clocks are routinely tested for linearity using a relative rate test and routinely calibrated against the geological time scale using a single or average paleontologically determined time of divergence between living taxa. The relative rate test is a test of parallel rate equality, not a test of rate constan...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040391
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper concludes that the statistical properties of protein evolution are compatible with a particular model of evolution by natural selection. The argument begins with a statistical description of the molecular clock based on a Poisson process with a randomly varying tick rate. If the time scale of the change of ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040382
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internal consistency of the PAM matrix model of protein evolution is here investigated. The 1 PAM matrix has been constructed from amino acid replacements observed in closely related sequences. Such replacements are of two types, those that do not require an intermediate amino acid replacement and those that do. T...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040360
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homologues of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9) were purified to homogeneity and kinetically characterized from Mytilus edulis and Isognomon alatus, two bivalve molluscs experiencing contrasting thermal environments. The enzyme isolated from I. alatus functions at warmer temperatures (25-35 C) than GPI from...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040346
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disturbances in the schedules of gene expression in developing interspecific fish hybrids have been used to draw inferences about the extent of gene regulatory divergence between species and about the degree to which this gene regulatory divergence is correlated with structural gene divergence, as estimated by genetic...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040349
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical methods for computing the standard errors of the branching points of an evolutionary tree are developed. These methods are for the unweighted pair-group method-determined (UPGMA) trees reconstructed from molecular data such as amino acid sequences, nucleotide sequences, restriction-sites data, and electrop...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040333
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical analyses of DNA sequences of the preproglucagon genes from bovine, human, hamster, and anglerfish suggest that a gene duplication creating two anglerfish genes (AF I and II) occurred about 160 Myr ago, long after the separation of fish and mammals. The analyses further suggest that the internal duplication...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040322
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellobiose catabolic system of Escherichia coli K12 is being used to study the role of cryptic genes in evolution of new functions. Escherichia coli does not use beta-glucoside sugars; however, mutations in several loci can activate the cryptic bgl operon and permit growth on the beta-glucoside sugars arbutin and ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040310
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes of tryptophan biosynthesis are arranged and regulated differently in many microorganisms. Comparison of the transcription regulatory regions of the trp operons of several species of enterobacteria reveals that those sequences and structures believed to be essential for repression and attenuation control are ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040307
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the assumptions underlying estimates of DNA and protein sequence divergence are examined. A solution for the variance of these estimates that allows for different mutation rates and different population sizes in each species and for an arbitrary structure in the initial population is obtained. It is shown that...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040303
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00